Kewajiban Adanya Kepemimpinan Politik dalam Perspektif Fikih
Abstract
Islam merupakan Din yang Allah turunkan mengatur segala aspek kehidupan manusia, dengan seperangkat aturan yang agung dan paripurna, mencakup perkara akidah maupun hukum syari’ah. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara deskriptif dan disusun dengan maksud untuk mengkaji fakta politik Rasulullan dan Khulafaurrasyidin, bagaimana islam yang merupakan sebuah kepemimpinan yang harus ditegakkan. Oleh karena itu, dapat kita saksikan bahwa Khilafah, terang benderang sebagai bagian dari ajaran Islam yang mulia, memuliakan mereka yang mengemban dan memperjuangkannya seterang mentari terbit tak terhalang awan bagi ia yang teguh meniti jalan Rasul-Nya. Secara praktis, penegakan konsep khas kepemimpinan Islam ini sebagaimana ditunjukkan oleh sunnah Rasulullah Saw, yang menegakkan institusi politik Islam berpusat di Madinah al-Munawwarah, diteruskan oleh para sahabat al-khulafâ’ al-râsyidûn pada periode yang disebut Rasulullah Saw dalam hadits hasan riwayat Imam Ahmad, sebagai periode al-khilâfah ’alâ minhâj al-nubuwwah. Ditegaskan para ulama dalam turats mereka yang menguraikan kewajiban menegakkan institusi Khilafah ini dalam kehidupan, sebagai ajaran Rasulullah Saw dan disepakati para sahabat dengan konsensus (ijma’) mereka.
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