Humanitarian Intervention: Analyzing USA’s Interest Through Military Intervention During the Libyan Civil War (2011)
Keywords:
Humanitarian Intervention, The Libyan Civil War, USA’s Interest, Military Intervention
Abstract
The first Libyan Civil War (2011) was a revolutionary movement influenced by the Arab Spring. From a non-violent series of protest, the event somehow revolved into an armed conflict between a group of anti-Qaddafi’s and the pro-Qaddafi’s. Already worsened by vicious military forces under Qaddafi’s command, the turmoil ensued and instantly turned more hostile as international interventions meddled in such as the United States and its allies. United States deployed military forces assists during the conflict namely Operation Odyssey Dawn and Operation Unified Protection with the main goal to save the non combat civilians from the war zone. Using literary review as the method by compilling older readings in order to collect information regarding the the topic, this article attempts to analyze what could possibly be USA’s genuine intention as they were notorious for interfering in another state’s conflict just to fulfill their national interest and how such action of intervention were justifiedThabk you. The said interests concluded as follow: (1) to monopoly Libya’s oil and gas by changing the system, maintaining the price, and to open an oil market; (2) to spread their democracy agenda by encouraging the change in the government system; (3) to imprint their hegemony in Libya and Middle East as a whole.
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Agustinova, D. E. (2015). Latar Belakang dan Masa Depan Libya Pasca Arab Spring. SOCIA: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.21831/socia.v10i2.5348
Alfani, A. J. (2016). Transisi Demokrasi di Libya pada tahun 2011-2014. Retrieved from http://repository.unej.ac.id/handle/123456789/75997
Atlanticist, N. (2020). Timeline: How Libya’s Revolution Came Undone. Atlanticcouncil.Org, 1–7. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/timeline-how-libya-s-revolution-came-undone/
Auken, B. Van. (2011). US and NATO murder Muammar Gaddafi. Retrieved from https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2011/10/gadd-o21.html
Blitz, James, & Carnegy, H. (2011). Confusion over Nato role in Gaddafi death. Financial Times, 2011–2012. https://www.ft.com/content/af362fc0-fb2e-11e0-8756-00144feab49a
Datta, S. (2014). Humanitarian Military Intervention in Kosovo and Libya: An Assessment on Relevant Theories of International Relations. European Scientific Journal, Special Ed(May), 1857–7881. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/328024262.pdf
Davidson, C. M. (2017). Why was Muammar Qadhafi really removed? Middle East Policy, 24(4), 91–116. https://doi.org/10.1111/mepo.12310
El-sseid, H., Dalla, D. L. O. F. Ben, & El-sseid, M. A. M. (2021). A Pre and post-Muammar Al Gaddafi era and new historicism Literature review (LR). International Journal of Social Sciences and Management, 7(1), 1–31. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349008430_A_Pre_and_post-Muammar_Al_Gaddafi_era_and_new_historicism_Literature_review_LR
Elharathi, M. (2016). Libya and North Atlantic Treaty Organisation: Revolt, War, and Intervention. Journal of South Asian Studies, 4(1), 1–6. http://www.escijournals.net/index.php/JSAS/article/view/680/803
Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2018). Jasmine Revolution. Encyclopaedia Britannica. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica.
Gartenstein-Ross, D. (2015). Dignity and Dawn: Libya’s Escalating Civil War. Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism Studies. https://doi.org/10.19165/2015.1.01
Gaub, F. (2013). The North Atlantic Treaty Organization and Libya: Reviewing Operation Unified Protector. Challenges, I(June), 1–50. http://www.carlisle.army.mil/ssi
Gertler, J. (2012). Operation Odyssey Dawn (Libya): Background and Issues for Congress. Libya: Liberation and Post-Qadhafi Transition, 1–37. https://sgp.fas.org/crs/natsec/R41725.pdf
Gundersen, N. D. (2013). Tamoil—from Gaddafi’s Oil Fiefdom to Libya’s Future in Europe. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.23618.79046
Hannah, M. (2019). From democracy promotion to democracy attraction: how the world views American-style democracy. www.egfound.org/model-democracy
Indrawan, J. (2017). Intervensi Kemanusiaan dan Jatuhnya Kuasa Kolonel Muammar Gaddafi di Libya. 30–48. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33258/konfrontasi2.v6i1.32
Isthianto Utomo, A. (2018). Kepentingan Amerika Serikat dan Prancis dalam Intervensi Kemanusiaan di Libya pada Tahun 2011. Journal of International Relations, 4(4), 822–831. http://ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/jihi
Literature review. (n.d.). In The University of Edinburgh. The University of Edinburgh. https://www.ed.ac.uk/institute-academic-development/study-hub/learning-resources/literature-review
Mafiroh, M. L. (n.d.). Analisa Kepentingan Amerika Serikat Terhadap Konflik Perang Saudara Libya Tahun 2011. [Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta]. https://etd.umy.ac.id/id/eprint/29340
Muninggar, P. (2013). Muammar Khadafi: Kajian Tentang Kepemimpinannya Di Libya (1969-2011). https://eprints.uny.ac.id/21687/1/SKRIPSI.pdf
Nato denies targeting Muammar Gaddafi. (2011). The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/01/libya-nato-gaddafi-un-resolution
Ogunnowo, O. E., & Chidozie, F. (2020). International Law and Humanitarian Intervention in the Syrian Civil War: The Role of the United States. SAGE Open, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020919533
Operation Odyssey Dawn and the Situation in Libya: Hearing before the Committee on Armed Services United States Senate 112th Cong. First Session. (2011). Retrieved from https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-112shrg71378/pdf/CHRG-112shrg71378.pdf
Pramita, N. (2012). Intervensi Amerika Serikat Dalam Konflik Politik di Libya. Retrieved from https://repository.unej.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/9285/Nidia%20Pramita_1.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Putri Kartika, A. A. (2021). U.S Democracy Campaign during The Civil War in Libya. Jurnal Diplomasi Pertahanan, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.33172/jdp.v7i3.776
Quartaro Sr., J., Rovenolt, M., & White, R. (2012). Libya’s Operation Odyssey Dawn, Command and Control. Prism, 3(2), 141–156. http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA558261
Rubin, B. (2021). The United States and the Middle East. Middle East Contemporary Survey, Volume XVI, 1992, 17–30. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429039461-5
Siebens, J., & Case, B. (2012). The Libyan Civil War: Context and Consequences. THINK International and Human Security, 48. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=1b3a11a21a2bacf788fb6e7cd6213caa7ee250db
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
Sukarno, B. (2013). Mengurai Fenomena Mantan Penguasa Libya Muammar Khadafi. Transformasi. https://ejurnal.unisri.ac.id/index.php/Transformasi/article/view/684%0Ahttp://ejurnal.unisri.ac.id/index.php/Transformasi/article/view/684/587
U.S. Library of Congress. (n.d.). Libya’s Government. https://countrystudies.us/libya/66.htm
USAFRICOM. (n.d.). United States Africa Command. https://www.africom.mil/what-we-do
VOA Indonesia. (2011). 4 Tewas dalam Bentrokan di Benteng Pro-Gaddafi. VOA Indonesia. [https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/article-4-tewas-dalam-bentrokan-di-benteng-pro-gaddafi-129566138/98002.html](https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/article-4-tewas-dalam-bentrokan-di-benteng
Wester, K. (2020). Operation Unified Protector, NATO, and the UN. In Intervention in Libya. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108576666.010
Yusuf, D. (2013). Pengaruh Pemikiran Sosialisme Islam Muammar Gaddafi Terhadap Sistem Pemerintahan Libya (1969-2011). Retrieved from http://repository.upi.edu/id/eprint/4449
Published
2023-12-02
How to Cite
Lukman, F., Fatihah, I., & Sufyan, A. (2023). Humanitarian Intervention: Analyzing USA’s Interest Through Military Intervention During the Libyan Civil War (2011). Jurnal Kajian Peradaban Islam, 6(2), 134-143. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47076/jkpis.v6i2.205
Section
Islamic Politics, Law, and Governance
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