Perhutanan Sosial di Indonesia dalam Perspektif Islam
Abstract
Indonesia adalah negara pertanian dengan jumlah petani mencapai 44% dari total angkatan kerja atau sekitar 46,7 juta jiwa pada tahun 2009. Pada 2014 lahan pertanian yang tersedia sekitar 41,5 juta hektar sementara 63% wilayah adalah kawasan hutan. Luas lahan petani pada tahun 2017 rata-rata 0,36 hektar. Hal ini mendorong tingginya kemiskinan Indonesia yang tinggi dengan penduduk miskin sebanyak 27,77 juta orang atau 10,64 % dari jumlah total penduduk. Indek Pembangunan Manusia pada level 0,685 (kategori menengah). Upaya peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat dilakukan melalui pelibatan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan hutan. Praktek perhutanan sosial telah dimulai sejak tahun 1982 dengan berbagai perubahan skema. Program perhutanan sosial berdasarkan kebijakan yang ada sejak tahun 2007 hingga 2016 adalah Pengelolaan Hutan Berbasis Masyarakat, Hutan Desa, Hutan Kemasyarakatan, Hutan Tanaman Rakyat, dan Kemitraan, serta Hutan Adat. Perhutanan sosial dirasakan dapat meningkatkan pendapatan baik yang telah dirasakan maupun yang masih potensial di lapangan. Secara kelestarian hutan, perhutanan sosial dapat meningkatkan variasi jenis tanaman dan meningkatkan penutupan lahan. Perhutanan sosial juga dapat mengurangi konflik tenurial melalui penyerapan tenaga kerja, pemberian rasa aman dan pemberian ketenangan berusaha pada kawasan hutan. Pendampingan kepada pelaku perhutanan sosial dan pemastian tidak terjadi pemindahan hak kelola merupakan pelajaran penting dari penelitian ini.
Indonesia is an agricultural country with a number of farmers reaching 44% of the total workforce or around 46.7 million in 2009. In 2014 the available agricultural land was around 41.5 million hectares while 63% of the area was forested. The land area of farmers in 2017 averages 0.36 hectares. This has led to a high rate of Indonesian poverty with a poor population of 27.77 million people or 10.64% of the total population. Human Development Index at level 0.685 (middle category). Efforts to improve community welfare are carried out through community involvement in forest management. Social forestry practices have been started since 1982 with various schema changes. Social forestry programs based on existing policies from 2007 to 2016 are Community Based Forest Management, Village Forests, Community Forests, Community Plantation Forests, and Partnerships, and Customary Forests. Social forestry is felt to be able to increase both perceived and potential income in the field. In terms of forest sustainability, social forestry can increase variety of crops and increase land cover. Social forestry can also reduce tenurial conflicts through labor absorption, providing security and providing business peace in the forest area. Assistance to social forestry actors and ensuring that there is no transfer of management rights is an important lesson from this research.
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